Introducing our latest educational content for ICP-MS interface cones

The front end of every ICP-MS system—located outside the high-vacuum region of the mass spectrometer—includes the sample introduction system, two interface cones, and ion lenses. These interface cones, known as the sampler and skimmer cones, form the transition zone between the atmospheric pressure of the sample introduction system and the high vacuum region of the mass spectrometer.

Interface cones play a vital role in ICP-MS operation by allowing the positively charged ions generated in the plasma to enter the mass spectrometer. A solid understanding of the processes occurring in this interface region, as well as the function of the cones themselves, is essential for evaluating overall ICP-MS performance. For guidance on choosing and maintaining these components, explore the frequently asked questions about ICP-MS Interface Cones.

Image of a gloved hand holding an ICP-MS interface cone near a scientific instrument. Text overlay reads 'ICP-MS Interface Cones FAQs.' Blue navigation tabs below indicate subsections like 'Cones Fundamentals' and 'Types of Cones’.

Figure 1. ICP-MS Interface Cones FAQ pages.

Cone fundamentals – What are interface cones?

Access the FAQ pages to learn more about the critical role of interface cones in the ICP-MS, particularly the role of ICP-MS sampler and skimmer cones and their key characteristics, including:

  • Orifice size and shape
  • Cone tip area
  • Selection of the appropriate cone materials for the tip and the base

You can also read about the ion-lens base (also called skimmer base) and the extraction-omega lens assembly that complement the role of the interface cones.

Understanding these aspects will enable you to select the ICP-MS cones that best match your application requirements, enabling:

  • Good matrix tolerance for better long-term stability
  • High signal-to-background ratio for quantification at low levels
  • Effective heat dissipation for improved cone lifetime
  • Good chemical resistance for low background and improved cone lifetime

What types of interface cones are available?

ICP-MS cones are categorized by shape and material. The shape influences ion sampling and extraction efficiency under different plasma conditions. Material classification—based on tip, base, and coating—determines chemical compatibility and durability, ensuring they can withstand various matrices, including acids, bases, organic solvents, and salts.

Explore the different families of ICP-MS interface cones to find the best fit for your application needs. Options include:

  • Nickel-tipped cones
  • Platinum-tipped cones
  • Nickel-plated sampler cones
  • Skimmer cones for x-lens vs s-lens
Copper-based conical sampling and skimmer cones with a platinum tip and engraved text, casting a shadow on a white surface. The metallic, polished finish gives a sense of precision engineering.

Figure 2. Copper-based, platinum-tipped sample and skimmer cones.

Which interface cones should I use for my application?

Choosing the right ICP-MS cones is essential for maximizing system performance, cone longevity, and return on investment.

This section of the ICP-MS interface cones FAQs provides tailored recommendations for a wide range of common applications, along with Agilent part numbers for each compatible ICP-MS model.

Explore the cone recommended to best match your analytical needs for running the following sample types:

  • Nitric acid digests
  • Aqua regia digests
  • High Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) samples
  • HF-containing samples
  • Sulfuric or phosphoric acid-containing samples
  • Organic solvents
  • Semiconductor applications

The selection of a skimmer cone depends on both the instrument model and the version of the ion lens in use. Also, the base material of the ion lens should be chosen based on the tip material of the ICP-MS cones. For detailed guidance on selecting the appropriate configuration, compatibility tables are provided.

Nickel-plated base conical sampling cone with a platinum tip and engraved text. The metallic, polished finish gives a sense of precision engineering.

Figure 3. Nickel-plated, platinum-tipped sampling cone.

How do I maintain my ICP-MS interface cones?

Even with careful selection, ICP-MS cones require regular maintenance to remove matrix deposits and contamination accumulated during sample analysis. The recommended cleaning frequency varies significantly, depending on factors such as:

  • Application type
  • Sample matrix
  • Number of samples processed
  • Plasma operating conditions

Maintenance frequency depends on sample load and matrix complexity:

  • Low-throughput laboratories or those handling clean matrices may require maintenance only every few weeks.
  • High-throughput environments working with complex matrices may need daily cleaning to maintain performance.

Detailed procedures and best practices for maintaining and cleaning ICP-MS cones are outlined in the “Cones Maintenance” section of the ICP-MS Interface Cones FAQs.

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